Peptide Research Guides: BPC-157, TB-500, GHK-Cu

Comparison of GLP-1 receptor agonist peptides semaglutide tirzepatide and retatrutide

Retatrutide vs Tirzepatide: Triple Agonist Compared to Dual Agonist

A detailed comparison of three incretin-based research peptides — mono-agonist semaglutide, dual-agonist tirzepatide, and triple-agonist retatrutide — covering receptor pharmacology, structural modifications, binding kinetics, metabolic pathway engagement, and practical considerations for laboratory research.

Aug 10, 2026 · 14 min read

GLP-1 Metabolic Research Semaglutide

Retatrutide Dosage in Clinical Trials: Regimens Reported in the Literature

A review of the dose escalation regimens, maintenance arms, and titration rationale documented in published phase 1 and phase 2 clinical trials of retatrutide — an investigational triple incretin receptor agonist with no regulatory approval in any jurisdiction.

Aug 10, 2026 · 12 min read

["Retatrutide" "Clinical Trials" "Dose Escalation"

Retatrutide Side Effects: Adverse Events Reported in Published Trials

A systematic review of adverse events documented in published clinical trials of retatrutide, a triple agonist investigational compound, including gastrointestinal event rates, discontinuation data, and the mechanistic reasons its safety profile diverges from dual-agonist predecessors.

Aug 10, 2026 · 14 min read

["Retatrutide" "Incretin Pharmacology" "Triple Agonist"

Prostamax (Lys-Glu-Asp-Pro): Chromatin Effects in Human Lymphocytes

Prostamax has two published studies naming it, both in human lymphocytes and both aimed at chromatin rather than prostate tissue. What they report, and what the prostate label rests on.

Aug 6, 2026 · 2 min read

prostamax bioregulator khavinson

Cardiogen (Ala-Glu-Asp-Arg): Myocardial Tissue Culture and a Sarcoma Model

Cardiogen has two published studies naming it — one in myocardial tissue culture from young and old rats, one reporting a tumour-modifying effect in senescent rats. Both are ageing-model designs.

Aug 6, 2026 · 2 min read

cardiogen bioregulator khavinson

Bronchogen (Ala-Glu-Asp-Leu): DNA Thermostability and a Sequence Discrepancy

Bronchogen has one published study naming it — a biophysical measurement of its effect on DNA thermostability, which tests the family mechanism at the level of the molecule itself.

Aug 6, 2026 · 2 min read

bronchogen bioregulator khavinson

Testagen (Lys-Glu-Asp-Gly): Its Only Published Study Is About Metal Corrosion

Testagen has exactly one study naming it in PubMed — and it is a materials-science paper on copper corrosion inhibition, not biology. What that means for anyone evaluating the compound.

Aug 6, 2026 · 2 min read

testagen bioregulator khavinson

Vesugen (Lys-Glu-Asp): Evidence Status of the Family's Structural Hub

Vesugen is the KED tripeptide that three other catalog compounds extend by a single residue — and it has no published study naming it. What is established, and the contrast with Pancragen.

Aug 6, 2026 · 2 min read

vesugen bioregulator khavinson

Vesilut / Vesilute (Glu-Asp): The Smallest Bioregulator, and a Fragment of a Larger One

Vesilut is the dipeptide Glu-Asp (ED) — a sequence contained within Prostamax, Vesugen, Livagen and Pancragen. Shared substructure is a hypothesis to test, not evidence to cite.

Aug 6, 2026 · 2 min read

vesilut vesilute bioregulator

Epithalon (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly): Telomerase Research and What Replicated

Epithalon is the one Khavinson bioregulator with current international replication. A citation-by-citation summary of the telomerase work, from the 2003 original through independent 2025 studies — including the correction notice.

Aug 6, 2026 · 2 min read

epithalon epitalon bioregulator

Pinealon (Glu-Asp-Arg): Neuroprotection Research in Animal Models

Pinealon is the CNS-associated member of the Khavinson family, with published work on cell viability, free-radical suppression and prenatal hyperhomocysteinemia — all animal or cell models. What each study actually reports.

Aug 6, 2026 · 2 min read

pinealon bioregulator khavinson

Cortagen (Ala-Glu-Asp-Pro): Injured Nerve Function and a Tissue-Specificity Puzzle

Cortagen is a cortex-derived tetrapeptide with published work on injured nerve function and cerebral ischaemia — plus a microarray study of its effect on gene expression in heart, which complicates the tissue-specificity story.

Aug 6, 2026 · 2 min read

cortagen bioregulator khavinson

Research Articles